Collaborative Crisis Intervention at a Domestic Violence Shelter

Introduction Domestic violence cases often touches on private and confidential of the family and the professional service provider because they are sensitive and very personal. However, because of the need for collaboration, sometimes it is totally difficult to avoid sharing clients’ information among the professionals offering these services (for example, lawyers, social workers, psychiatrists, and other workers from government departments).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Collaborative Crisis Intervention at a Domestic Violence Shelter specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sometimes, important services can be provided without a breach of confidentiality but in most cases it is very difficult to maintain utmost confidentiality of sensitive information. Community Partners Collaborative partners for the crisis intervention will include the state domestic violence shelter and victim management programs in the com munity. Once the women or the children have been referred to the programs, they are enrolled and taken through a number of interrogative sessions with criminal investigation services and the emotional assessment social workers (Lauer Brownstein, 2008, p. 26). There will be typically about five meetings taking about one to one and half hours each though the time is not strict. The first visit is meant to collect the information that the professional in domestic violence deem crucial concerning the precipitating incidence and history of violence. The caregivers are educated on trauma and management measures (Lauer Brownstein, 2008, p. 26). Several forms are filled to legal documentation. The second visit is intended to build trust and confidence between the counselor and the victims. Ice-breaking techniques are used and signs of trauma analyzed critically to determine whether care should begin. The third visit is for continued assessment and intervention. For the children playing se ssion are introduced so as to help reduce stress. The fourth visit is when the assessment is concluded and the counselor makes recommendations regarding the need for support services as determined by the social workers. Intervention like counseling, play and discussion continues (Lauer Brownstein, 2008, p. 26). The final visit is set for transition where individuals referred for the trauma support are enrolled in the program. Those not referred are counseled and released. The ongoing service provider also attends this session so that the transition can be smooth. The collaborative partners in the ongoing trauma session are children support programs, family solutions programs, and domestic violence community centers. Children and parents are trained on the support skills about twice every week.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The session last for about six months and during this time cognitive behavior therapy is applied and the participants are educated on domestic violence causes and consequences as well (Lauer Brownstein, 2008, p. 29). Other important collaborative partners include Community law centers, children’s hospitals and shelter against violence. Services The purpose of domestic violence shelters is to safeguard victims of violence from further abuse and is in most cases located in discrete location. The parents who are abused and their children are given temporary housing, healthcare and food as their problems is being solved legally and medically (Lauer Brownstein, 2008, p. 29). There are counseling services and support to the victims for other needs. Common services offers include individual counseling sessions, support teams, legal assistance, family violence therapy and vocational training. There is however a challenge of providing emergency psychological problems because experts are inadequate and the general service providers sometime s fill the gaps by providing psychological services to those in serious need (Plichta et al, 2006, p. 287). B. Unluckily, these practitioners are not adequately trained for the job and cannot competently manage the situation especially incidences like self harm or suicidal attempt. Psychiatric assessment takes long and its very complex compared to general health practice. The general practitioners may not know the required resources and those available to the clients hence causing frustration need (Plichta et al, 2006, p. 296). Ethical Issues Confidentiality is both a moral and a legal concern when addressing domestic violence. When attending their clients, the social workers or counselor are required not to disclose private information to another party concerning their clients. The law binds therapists in the professions code of conduct that sharing information is unethical and illegal when the client is not aware.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Collaborativ e Crisis Intervention at a Domestic Violence Shelter specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the case of domestic violence, therapists come to contact with personal information from their clients through interrogation and physical examination. Counseling recognizes two types of confidentiality models – content and contact (APA, 2002, para. 2). Content confidentiality demands that anything that the clients say in the interrogative meetings with the therapist remain confidential and should not be revealed to unauthorized person. Disclosing such information is breach of content confidentiality and is punishable by law and practitioners can lose their license of practice or be suspended (ACA, 2005, para. 2). Contact confidentiality demands that the practitioner does not reveal to anyone that the clients is being attended to by a medical professional, a Counselor. The APA and American Counseling Association (ACA) have drafted rules that guide practice of this profession – counseling and psychological services so that the rights of the clients are preserved considering privacy is a fundamental right. Conclusion Collaboration in crisis management can bring a lot of beneficial resources and professional services to clients. Because of matters that affect the clients like their autonomy, privacy, confidentiality and legal rights, the collaboration can evoke emotions if these aspects are not handled carefully. For this reason, there are some guidelines that help to direct sharing of in information in collaborative intervention, and providing standards, laws and consequences. The American psychological association provides such guidelines to the cases that are classified under psychology. Reference List American Counseling Association. (2005). ACA code of ethics. Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/ American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Retrieve d from https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/indexAdvertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lauer, M., Brownstein, R. (2008). â€Å"Replacing The Revolving Door: A Collaborative Approach To Treating Individuals In Crisis,† Journal Of Psychosocial Nursing Mental Health Services, 46(6), 25–32. Plichta, S. B., Vandecar-Burdin, T., Odor, R. K., Reams, S., Zhang, Y. (2006). â€Å"The Emergency Department And Victims Of Sexual Violence: An Assessment of Preparedness to Help,† Journal of Health Human Services Administration, 29(3), 285–308. This essay on Collaborative Crisis Intervention at a Domestic Violence Shelter was written and submitted by user Lillie Myers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Historical Research Paper Topics

Historical Research Paper Topics Most history courses normally require students to write research papers on different historical topics. To write a good history research paper, one must be ready to do some thorough research. This is because most of these papers are normally based on facts, and if you do not have your facts right, your paper will not be to the required standards. Doing research prior to writing your research paper will enable you to not only come up with the best topic, it will also enable you to know a lot of interesting facts that you otherwise not know about. You can get history research paper ideas from your local library or from the internet. From these sources, you will get to choose from hundreds of History research paper topics that are normally written by high level professionals. Research paper topics cover a wide range of issues in the history of mankind. These topics can be about anything, from evolution to modern technology. The topic that you choose for your research paper must be relevant to the subject area that you are focusing on. For instance, you cannot write about American history if your paper is about China before the 15th century. Any remarkable history research paper must have an equally remarkable topic. If you want to get a remarkable topic for you paper, you must ensure that you are relentless in your research. Make sure that you get enough information to support the topic that you have chosen. Popular History Research Paper Topics topics can be from any subject area. Below is a list of the top five Historical research paper topics that you can write about: The Rise of the European Union The Politics in 20th Century Russia American War of Independence Post World-War II China The Fall of the Berlin Wall

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example He further proposed that leaders who have a higher level of orientation towards relationships are more effective when the situations they experience are moderately or completely under the control of a leader and such tasks are less difficult. Later Fiedler and fellow researchers provided an extension of the contingency theory of leadership; this theory was labeled as cognitive resource theory. Under this theory, Fiedler pays emphasis to the role played by stress in determining the favorableness of a particular scenario and how leaders can react to such situations. He argues that leaders have to make rational choices, but they fail to make rational choices while dealing with overly stressful situations. Fiedler proposes that in order to counter this issue organizations need to hire those leaders who have the required knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) related to the business at hand as those who have the required KSAs will be able to deal with situations where the stress level is quite high. According to the theory of cognitive resource theory, leaders can be divided into two categories. First are those who are highly experienced and others are those who are high in intellect. ... g a problem in a creative manner and in low stress situations there is abundant amount of time for such leaders to think creatively and solve the issue at hand. In case of policing leadership, swat team leaders are those who are highly experienced and are more useful in situations that are highly stressful such as a hostage situation. These leaders use their negotiation ability to talk down the criminal and their experience is of utmost importance as under a hostage situation there are chances that the hostage taker might kill hostages. On the other hand, crime scene investigators are leaders who are high in intellect and are required in situations where a particular crime scene needs to be looked at in a creative manner. These leaders tend to look at a crime scene from different angles and they analyze a lot of evidence before coming to a conclusion of who committed the crime and how the crime was committed. Those leaders who follow the transactional leadership style are of the perc eption that employees are motivated due to rewards and in order to motivate them to work hard, leaders need to appraise their work through rewards (Allen, 2010, p.215). For example: a police officer may not risk his/her life in trying to erase crime from the society if he/she believes that the wages he/she is being paid is equal to risking their life. Thus a transactional leadership will have to reward him with enough wages that is perceived by him/her as equal to risking life in order to motivate them. A transformational leader is one who believes in motivating others through various techniques such as leading by setting an example or encouraging followers to participate in decision making and providing ideas for issues faced by the organization. For example: the chief investigation

Facebook Is a Useful Social and Marketing Medium Essay

Facebook Is a Useful Social and Marketing Medium - Essay Example Orkut, MySpace and Yahoo did all Facebook had to offer and enjoyed their fifteen minutes of fame before being dwarfed by Zuckerberg’s brainchild. Taking the world by storm, giving birth to a whole new lexicon of marketing terminology and giving the word â€Å"addiction† a whole new spin, Facebook has its fair share of lovers and haters. However, this paper will go to show how Facebook is, despite its shortcomings, a very useful medium for everyone who uses it responsibly. Employers who feel they are being cheated out of the time they are paying for; parents concerned over what they think is an unhealthy obsession; sociologists crying over the fading away of ‘real’, as opposed to ‘virtual’, interaction between humans; and media giants who treat the distribution of information as their right alone, fall in the category of those who do not approve of Facebook. The opponents of this medium have a lot to say against what they consider to be a waste of time, addictive, anti-social – in the literal sense of the word â€Å"social† – or just a nuisance.... Through their posts, people even share their grief and problems, and having friends comment and give advice, even if it is only online, helps them to feel better. It is, therefore, not correct to call Facebook a distraction, when it actually is therapeutic as well. Whether it is used to decrease one’s tensions, or to voice one’s opinions, or even to share one’s problems, Facebook proves to be a good tool. Some people, concerned with the already growing lack of privacy online, claim that Facebook allows for invasion of privacy. People are free to not only access your information that you have allowed to be public, but sometimes, due to the constant updates and changes of Facebook’s privacy policies, even the information that you chose to keep private can be accessed by the public. In short, what is private today may very well be public tomorrow. What is more, users have been known to share their passwords with their friends so that the friends can check out the users’ other friends (Jones 3). Nonetheless, when someone posts on the world wide web, it is, of course, natural the â€Å"whole wide world† will get access to those posts. You cannot post on a â€Å"social† website, like Facebook, and then complain about the fact that society got to read everything. The whole basis of a social networking site is to connect people from all over the world, in a bid to bring them closer, moreover, a simple way for a private person to avoid becoming public is not to post on such sites. However, to sign up for Facebook and then not post defeats the purpose of signing up, a much better option, therefore, is for users to think before they make posts; do they want what they are posting to be seen by all, or would they rather not?

Culinary Class - Food and Religion Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Culinary Class - Food and Religion - Term Paper Example Many christen faiths associate various events with food regulation practices for instance. Orthodox and Catholic Church associate fasting with the strengthening of prayer during hardships. This is related to the story of Jesus in the mountain the night before he was crucified. He knew he was going to go through a lot of suffering thus used his last moments to pray and fast in the mountain (Sanford, 2013). Christians also use this opportunity to share what they may have saved in form of food with the poor societies and people living in harsh desert environments. During the lent period in the catholic calendar, Christians tend to avoid eating meat on Fridays to honour the death of Jesus Christ. Other Christians use this opportunity to sacrifice what they love in the form of food and distribute it to the needy communities (Wildman, 2010). Feeding the hungry is considered as an important practice in the Christian world. This is a way of following the example of Christ as he fed 5000 peop le with two fish and four loafs of bread. The ritual of communion is celebrated by Christians in many occasions. This ritual involves the eating of bread and drinking wine to commemorate the body and blood of Christ. Seventh day and Mormon Adventists are refrained from taking alcoholic and caffeinated beverages. The ‘seventh day’ Adventists do not take dairy products or meat due to their belief that dairy animals are productive animals just in the same way God provides for His people. The Buddhism religion considers all living beings as sacred. This has led to the practice of veganism and vegetarianism among religious members in the religion. It is a belief in the religion that all foods obtained from a form of violence or human aggressions are indeed considered to be bad (Diaz. 2012). The religion tries to maintain the principle of Ahisma which involves harmless and non-violence activities thus

Analysing The Consumer Behaviour Concept

Analysing The Consumer Behaviour Concept Solomon, Bamossy, Askegaard and Hogg (2010) described consumer behaviour as a study of why, how, when and where consumers make purchases of a particular product and it tends to understand the decision making process of consumers. Also, Hannah and Wozniak (2001) revealed that consumer behaviour seeks to focus on the consumption related activities of individual as well as investigate the reason behind and the forces influencing the selection, purchase, use and disposal of goods and services in other to satisfy personal needs and wants. Furthermore, Hannah and Wozniak (2001) revealed that consumers behaviour encapsulate activities like influencing others, being influenced by others and complaining about and returning product and exposure to the media. Finally, in this report, the concept of consumer behaviour as well as marketing communication, customer satisfaction and reference group influence with regards to consumers or visitors in Newarke house museum and New-walk museum will be analysed using some theories. Antonides and Van Raaij (1998) revealed that consumer behaviour is concerned with the following namely; Mental and physical act (behaviour) Including the motives and causes Of individuals and (small) group Regarding orientation, purchase, use, maintenance and disposal (consumption cycle) And house hold production (Do it yourself) Of (scarce) goods and services From the market, public and household section Lending of functionality and achievement of consumer goods and value And to satisfy Take into account short term and long term effect And individual and societal consequences However, Solomon, Bamossy, Askegaard and Hogg (2002) regarded consumer behaviour as a process and it involves many different actors. In the quest of trying to understand the consumer behaviour concept it was revealed by Jobber (2010) consumer are involved in a sequence or process of consumption. Figure 1 described the consumption process of consumer for product or services Figure 1; Consumption Process of Consumer For Product Or Services Need Recognition/Problem Awareness Information Search Evaluation of Alternatives and Purchase Post-Purchase Evaluation of Decision Sourced from: Jobber, D. (2010) Principles and Practice of Marketing Need Recognition/Problem Awareness This is the first stage of the consumer decision making process (Solomon et al 2010). This stage involves when a consumer recognises that there is a difference between his true self (that is, the current state) and his ideal self (the desired state). This fact was supported in the first visit when the ladies revealed that they had to go somewhere because they were on holiday, However, Jobber (2010) revealed that there are two issues that determine the intention of a consumer to solve his problem namely; the magnitude of the discrepancy between the desired and the present state and the relative importance of the problem (Neal, Quester and Hawkin2 2007). Also, Jobber (2010) further revealed that in a situation where the difference between the present state and desired state is small, the consumer might not be motivated to move to the next stage of the process (that is, information search) Furthermore, O`Shaughnessey (1987) suggested that a customer must be aware of the need to solve a problem as well as being aware of the need inhibitor and a need may arise as a result of stimulation which can be caused by advertising campaign. Information Search Jobber (2010) revealed that information search involves the identification of alternative ways to solve a problem. Information search might be carried out internally or externally (Jobber 2010). This was supported in the first visit when the 2 ladies revealed that they searched the Internet as well as ask friends about the museum. However, internal search involves a consumer reviewing relevant information from his memory bank in which the information will include reference to personal experiences and marketing communication. While, external search involves searching from personal sources like friends, co-workers, neighbours as well as commercial source like sales people and advertising (Jobber 2010). Recently, consumers tend to use the internet as their major information search tools using search engines like Google and Yahoo (Jobber 2010) This was also suppoted in the first visit when the two ladies revealed they searched the Internet for more information before coming to the museum. Furthermore, Solomon et al (2010) revealed that the major aim of information search is to create an awareness set that involves several brands that can solve the consumer`s problem. Evaluation of Alternative and the Actual Purchase Consumers tend to be open to several alternatives in the process of decision making. This several alternatives will be evaluated and filtered to produce an evoked set (Jobber 2010). This evoked set includes several brands which a consumer is considering to purchase, in which the consumer tend to use fewer criteria to select the brand of choice because information search has already taken place (Kuusela, Spence and Kunto 1998) Furthermore, Solomon et al (2010) suggested that consumers tends to evaluate product or service using the knowledge about the product or service, hence allowing the consumer to group product or service in accordance to their belief and attitude about different brand of product. This was supported However, Schiffman, Kanuk and in the second visit to New Walk museum when the people observed to be chatting to each other said they decided to come to the museum instead of going to the Caribbean because of what their fried had told them. Wisenblit (2009), suggest that the purchase stage is when the customer actually make up their mind and purchase the product of service after information has been searched and several alternative evaluated. The first stage of the categorisation is the basic level of category. This level tends to group product or service with common attribute or character while the second level is the subordinate category which includes grouping of individual brands; and the third category id the super- ordinate category Figure 1.2 depicts the three stages involved in evaluating and categorising of brands Figure 1.2: Evaluating and Categorising of Brands Tourism Museums Caribbean European Country Vacation Africa New Faces Arts and Painting History Newark House Museum/ New Walk Museum Adapted from: Solomon et al (2010) Consumer Behaviour Post- Purchase Evaluation of the Decision Jobber (2010) revealed that the aim of an effective marketing is to create customer satisfaction and acquire customer loyalty. Customers tend to experience some post purchase issues in which the issue tends to be form or arise as a result of uncertainty in the consumer decision. The consumer tends to ask himself if he made the right decision or not? This issue according to Kotler et al (2008) is referred to as cognitive dissonance. This was supported in the first visit when I concluded that anyone in the museum at that time could conclude that two female from the group of 8 were enjoying themselves. However, the result of post purchase evaluation of product or services are based on the quality of service or product, as well as the role of the sale-person which act as a problem solver. This factors tends to reduce the cognitive dissonance in the consumer (Jobber 2010) Marketing communication of the museums Marketing communication can be described as messages and media used to convey information to the market or target consumers (Baines, Fill and Page 2008). However, the collective means of communicating with target consumers is referred to as the Marketing Communication Mix (Baines, Fill and Page 2008). The marketing communication mix comprises of five tools which can be used collectively at different level in other to intensify communication with the audience or target consumers, namely; advertising, personal selling, public relations, sales promotions and direct marketing. (Baines, Fill and Page 2008) Figure 1.3: Marketing Communication Mix Tools Personal Selling Public Relation Advertising Sales Promotion Direct Marketing Adapted from: Baines P, Fill.C and Page K (2008) Marketing Advertising According to Baines et al (2008) they described advertising as a non personal form of communication where a clearly identifiable sponsor pays for a message to be transmitted through media. Also, they further revealed that advertising tends to engages the target consumers impersonally and its a tool used to communicate an organisation marketing offer(s). Furthermore, Baines et al (2008) suggested two ways in which advertisement could be used namely; It can be used to influence demand for product and services It can be used to manage perception and understanding about the organisation. Types of Advertising There are two major types of advertising namely; Digital advertising- This type of advertising includes the use of television advertising, music in advert, infomercial (this involves product demonstration and features as well as testimonial about product) radio advertising, product placement, and online advertising (McCarthy 2002) This type of communication mix(that is, Internet) is been used by both museums as informations about the museums could be found on the museums website Physical advertising- This includes mobile billboards advert, in-store advertising, celebrity branding and press advertising (McCarthy 2002) Sales Promotion Sales promotions are used commonly in consumer market especially during the launching of a new brand and its mostly in a matured market where market growth is limited and when prices and sales promotion work are the only means of causing brand switching behaviour in consumers as well as improving performance (Baines et al 2008). Also, sale promotions are majorly concerned with offering additional value to customers in order to enhance sales. Public Relations Baines et al (2008) described public relations as a marketing communication mix tool that influences the perception of various group of consumers or stakeholder about an organisation. Also, Bruning and Ledingham (2001) described public relations as the tools that manage the relationship between an organisation and the public. Finally, Baines et al (2008) defined public relations as a management activity that attempt to shape the attitude and opinion held by organisations stakeholders. Personal Selling This can be described as an activity carried out by an individual or group of individual representing an organisation to potential customer in order for a sale or transaction to be made (Baines et al 2008). This form of activity is different from the other types of marketing communication mix because personal selling carry out transactions directly with customers and feedback are gathered from consumers in other to measure and aid improvement (Baines et al 2008) Direct Marketing According to Jobber (2010) Direct Marketing is the distribution of products, information and promotional benefits to target consumers through interactive communication in a way that allows response to be measured . Direct marketing seeks to acquire and retain customers by contacting them without the use of an intermediary (Jobber 2010 pp 547). Furthermore, Jobber (2010) revealed that direct marketing tends to use several methods such as; direct mail, telemarketing, direct response advertising, catalogue marketing, mobile marketing, electronic media like the internet, door-to- door leafleting. An Investigation on the Impact of Reference Group on Consumers or Visitor in Newark House Museum and New Walk Museum Cohen, Joel and Ellen (1972) described reference group influence as an actual or imaginary individual or group conceived to having significant relevance upon an individual evaluation, aspiration or behaviour. Also, Bearden, William and Etzel (1982) indicated that direct and verbal interaction are not the only means of influencing a customer instead observing the reference group will suggest the choice of brands a customer will choose. Furthermore, Interdependent cultures like china, Korea stress the need to conform to group norms and social acceptance (Gurhan-Canli and Masheswaran 2000). Also, Wong and Ahuva (1998) suggested indicated that consumption or use of luxuries conspicuously which translate to wealth or social status by consumers from east Asia are as a result of cultural influence. However, past research by Park and Lessig (1977) identified three reference group namely; informational influence, utilitarian influence and value expressive influence Informational Influence Park and Lessig (1977) reveals that, in this type of influence the individual seek information about various brands from an association of independent group of expert. His could be supported in the first visit when I asked the two ladies and I was told they searched on the Internet as well as asked their friend. Also, Kelmar (1961) revealed that in this type of influence, individual are more likely to accept information that will broaden and improve knowledge and ability to cope with environment. Furthermore, Park and Lessig (1977) revealed that individual will seek information from whom they see as professional as well as observe what expert do (such as brand of television a repair man buys). This information will influence the individual in the aspect of the type of television brand they intend to purchase. Also, individuals tends to be influenced by observing a seal of approval of an independent testing agency as well as seeking brand related knowledge and experience from friends and neighbours who have reliable information about brands (Park and Lessig 1977). Utilitarian Influence Kelmer (1961) suggests that this type of influence influences an individual to satisfy a certain group expectation in other to obtain the praise or avoid punishment form group. Furthermore, this type influence affect the decision of an individual to purchase a particular brand as well as the individual decision to purchase a brand is as a result of influence from family member. Value expressive Influence This influence make individual feels that the purchase or use of a particular brand will aid the image of people have on them (Park and Lessig 1977). Also, this influence make an individual feels that the purchase of a certain brand would help show others what they would like to be. For example, an individual wanting to be like an athlete, a good parent (Park and Lessig (1977).This was supported in the second visit when the white male believe to be in his 20s was taking note of everything in the museum so as to become a renowned poet like Geoffrey Chaucer. Furthermore, Park and Lessig (1977) reveal that this type on influence make the individual feels that it would be nice to be like a type of person on an advertisement of a certain brand. Customer Satisfaction According to Oliver (1997); satisfaction is the consumer fulfilment response; its a judgement that a product or service feature or the service itself; provides a pleasurable level of consumption- related fulfilment. Also, Zeithaml and Bitner (2003) defined satisfaction as customer evaluation of a product or service in terms of whether the product or service has met their need and expectation. They further stated that failure to meet the needs and expectation could be regarded as dissatisfaction with product or service. Furthermore, Zeithaml and Bitner (2003) indicated some factors that influence customer satisfaction towards a product or service namely; Product and Service Features- Evaluating the product or service significantly influences customer satisfaction (Oliver 1997) for example, I was amazed when I discovered that New Walk museum also cater for children also in the second visit when some of the visitors were a bit noisy because they were amazed by the creatures Consumer Emotions- Oliver (1997) revealed that customer emotions can affect their perception of satisfaction with product or service. These emotions can be stable, pre-existing emotion (Oliver 1997). Also, Zeithaml and Bitner (2003) suggest that some emotion can be as a result of consumption experience of a particular service. Liljander and Strandvik (1997) also revealed that negative emotion like depression, guilt and anger tends to have a strong effect on customer dissatisfaction ratings towards a service or product. Attributions for service success or failure- Folkes (1988) described attributes as the perceived cause or causes of event which can influence perception of customer towards a product or service. This type of influence was revealed in the first visit when the lady told me she was expecting to a lot of people in the museum. Perception of Equity or fairness- This can also influence customers satisfaction (Clemmer and Schneider (1996). This type of influence occurs when a customer asks his or herself Have I been treated fairly compared to other customer? (Zeithaml and Bitner 2003) Also, this perception can create a notion of dissatisfaction as well as satisfaction or fairness. Other consumers, family member and co- workers- This influence tends to affect satisfaction in terms of if their needs or expectation has been met compared to what their family member received, (Zeithaml and Bitner 2003). Recommendations In other to enhance satisfaction in customers visiting the museums, it is imperative that museum tries to maximize visitors satisfaction by avoiding any form of disappointment, for example, in the second visit to New Walk museum, some visitors were disappointed because they only came to see the dinosaurs and the geology gallery but the gallery was closed due to renovation also, in the first visit to Newarke museum when the lady was complaining that she was expecting to meet a lot people in the museum, which was quite different from her expectations. However, in my opinion, this low turnout of people might be attributed to the communication strategy used by the museum. Hence it is suggested that that the museum (both New Walk and Newarke museum) should utilise three marketing communication mix that is, the advertising, some Public Relations as well as Direct marketing to home schools as well as foreign schools which includes universities. Also, the museums should ensure that visitors are completely satisfied with the quality of service they provide in order to build a loyal customer base. For example in, the first visit when the two ladies told me that they were informed about the museum by friends which invariably support the revelations by Jones and Sasser (1995) which states that completely satisfied customers are likely to become apostle and recommend the service six times more than very satisfied customers Also, it is suggested to the museum to bring in more history about legends because in the second visit a white male revealed he came to the museum so as to make note of what could have inspired poets like Geoffrey Chaucer. References Bruning S.D and Ledingham J.A (2000), Perception of relationship and evaluation of satisfaction: an exploration of interaction; Public relations review 26, 1. 85-95 Baines P, Fill.C and Page K (2008) Marketing; Oxford university press inc, 1st edition p471-503 Armstrond and Kotler (2005) Marketing; an introduction. International edition 7th edition pearson prentice educational inc USA Solomon. M, Bamossy.G, Askegaard (2002) Consumer behaviour; A European approach. Pearson educational limited 2nd edition USA p 302 Park, W and Lessig P,(1977); Student and housewives: differences in susceptibility to reference group influence; journal of consumer research 4 Cohen J.B and Golden E(1972) Informational social influence and product evaluation; journal of applied psychology 56. Hanna,N and Wozniak.R (2001) ;Connsumer behaviour; an applied approach prentice hall inc 1st edition. Antonidee. G. and Van Raaij, W (1998) Consumer behaviour: a European approach; John Wiley and Son ltd. West sussex , England. 1st edition Neal,C.P Quester and D.I Hawkins (2007) consumer behaviour: implications for marketing strategy. Boston mass: Irwin O`Shaughnessey, J (1987) Why people buy, New York: Oxford University Press pp 161 Kuusela, H ,M.T, Spence and A.J Kanto (1998) Expertise effect on prochoice decision processes and final outcomes: a protocol analysis, European journal of marketing vol 32, no 121 pp 37 Jobber D (2010) Principles and Practice of marketing: the ultimate learning resource; 6th edition. McGraw-hill companies UK Clemmer, C and Schnieder (1996) fair service in advances in service marketing and management; vol5 edited by TA Swartz, Brown and SW brown (Greenwich CT; JAI press) pp 109-26 Oliver (1997) Satisfaction, a behavioural perspective on the consumer Ney York McGraw hill Folkes V.S Recent attribution research u=in consumer behaviour; A review and new direction journal of consumer research 14pp548-65 Liljander V, and Strandvik T emotions in service satisfaction international journal of service industry management 8 no 2 pp 189-69 Lessig, V.P. and Park, C.W. (1978) Promotional perspectives of reference group influence: advertising implications, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp.41-47 Kelman, H.C. (1961) Processes of opinion change, Public Opinions Quarterly, Vol. 25, pp.57-78 McCarthy, Michael (2002-10-17). Digitally inserted ads pop up more in sports GÃ ¼rhan-Ganli, Z. and Maheswaran, D. (2000) Cultural variations in country of origin effects, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 37, pp.309-317 Wong, N.Y. and Ahuvia, A.C. (1998) Personal taste and family face: luxury consumption in confucian and western societies, Psychology and Marketing, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp.423-441. Schiffman, L.G. and Kanuk, L.L. 2004. Consumer Behaviour. 8th Edition. USA: Prentice Hall Solomon M, Bamossy. G , Askegaard, S and Hogg.M (2010). Consumer Behaviour: A European Perspective. 4th ed. England: Pearson Education Bearden, William O. and Michael J. Etzel, (1982) Reference Group Influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 9, No. 2. (Sep.,1982), pp. 183-194. Cohen, Joel and Ellen Golden (1972), Informational Social Influence and Product Evaluation, Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 1, 54-99. Zeithaml V.A and Botner M (2003). Service Marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. 3rd ed. Ney Yory: McGraw Hill publishers Jones, T.O. and Sasser, W.E. Jr (1995), Why satisfied customers defect, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 73 No. 6, pp. 88-99

Global Unification through Handheld Technology Essay -- Technologies E

Global Unification through Handheld Technology "Handheld technology: is it the greatest invention since sliced bread?" (Lewis 1). Whether or not these technologies will be remembered as one of the greatest inventions of all time is yet to be determined, but handheld technologies are definitely changing the way people access and work with information. Handheld technologies were first created to help make some of life's current tasks simpler and faster to complete. Two of the main handheld technologies are the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Personal Data Assistant (PDA). The first thought that spring to one's mind when GPS is mentioned is usually that it is a fast and easy way to find where one is located. Similarly, the first thought with respect to PDA is usually that it is a good way to organize one's appointments and personal information. Those functions are just the beginning, though. There are several other functions that these technologies have begun to serve, some of which may lead to complicated ethical dilemmas. As was mentioned above, GPS is generally thought of as a device to help one locate one's position. It is found in many cars and is almost becoming a standard feature. It is a handy device if one ever gets lost or needs directions to an unknown location. This functionality is great, but is not what it was invented to do. According to Peter H. Dana, Department of Geography, University of Colorado at Boulder, GPS is a satellite navigation system "funded by and controlled by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). While there are many thousands of civil users of GPS world-wide, the system was designed for and is operated by the U.S. military" (1). It is used by the military to pinpoint the position of ... ...ilian Software Development." [Online]. http://www.iamsam.com/papers/afcea_1999/afcea_ethics_submission.html North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. (1997). "Critical Issue: Ensuring Equitable Use of Education Technology." [Online]. http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/technlgy/te400.htm Santa Clara County Library. "Internet Access." (February 2002). [Online]. http://www.santaclaracountylib.org/aconsent.html Savino, Lenny. "Ex-Decoder Faces Charge in Espionage Case: FBI Says Military Man Sold Secret Data, Images." San Jose Mercury News. 25 August 2001: 1A. "Teaching and Learning with Palm Handhelds." (2002). [Online]. http://www.palm.com/education/palmED/ Wong, Nicole C. "Digital Cameras Eliminate Some Leg Work for Parking Police." San Jose Mercury News. 7 January 2002. *Animated images taken from http://www.animationfactory.com

Picture: Victim and Ultrahigh Spec Laptops

Mystery story It was an ordinary day with my two close friends, Adam and Matt. As always after school we all came over to my place for dinner, then go downstairs into my gaming room. Three desks with three really comfortable office chairs. We all had ultrahigh spec laptops and we all Just got new surround sound headsets for Christmas. We spent hours on our laptops playing video games together on a dally basis. But this one day right after New Year something inordinate and unforgettable started happening. Our New Year's holiday was coming to an end, we only had a few days feet to spend a lot of time gaming.We spent some money and bought a huge amount of snacks, enough to last for three days. We headed towards our gaming room and spent our days there. We didn't see sunlight for two days straight. Enjoying our time with our new headsets playing call of duty together, laughing together and getting mad at the game, we finally decided to take a break. As always Matt would go on his email t o check if his family for overseas emailed him. Many of his cousins enjoy video gaming as well so we invite them every now and then to our only party. An email appeared subjected â€Å"Boo†. As anyone else would do Matt just deleted it assuming it was spam.After a few hours of gaming he decided to check his email again and saw the same email. Out of curiosity he opened the email but not much appeared, just a blank page with a small message â€Å"Boo†, it didn't really make sense to him so asked us to check it out. Adam and me just laughed and cracked funny Jokes with him about his End. He shut down his laptop and headed back home. The next day, we all returned to our laptops but Mats laptop was open and on already. We assumed Matt forgot to shut it down and close it but he was sure of himself that he did. He asked if one of us go on it but we both shook our heads and said no.Matt sat down on his chair laying his hands on his laptop, realizing there was an extra folder on his desktop. The folder was named â€Å"Boo†. He opened it but it was an empty folder, he tried deleting it but an error message constantly appeared. As we all assumed the â€Å"Boo† spam email he received probably installed a virus onto his laptop which created that folder. Opening his Anti-Mallard program he did a virus scan but his computer was clean, no virus detected. He ignored it and we went on gaming. During our gaming session in the corner of Mats screen, a message appeared saying â€Å"Boo Is here. † He exited the game and clicked on the message.It slowly retyped Boo Has Started In big bold letters, we were all wondering what kind of virus this must have been to be able to hide for the Anta-Mallard software scans. As we were all suspecting Matt shut down his laptop but he decided to take It home to make sure It wasn't any of us. An hour later he arrived home and went up to his room. He sat on his bed and put on his laptop. He reopened the File †Å"Boo† but this time there was a notepad file In It, the file was named untitled 1. He opened the notepad and there were a list of 9 names on It. He goggled those names and found out they were all volts of recent murder cases.Matt didn't know what to do, contacting the police would raise their suspicion on him and they might think he Is the murderer. He decided to keep quiet about this. He shut off his laptop, and headed to bed. Two some sleeping pills, he received some and took them with a glass of water. The next morning he woke up noticing the laptop open and on, the â€Å"Boo† file was open, but this time there was another folder in the file called â€Å"pictures†. He opened the pictures lading, going through the pictures were pictures of murder with the victim's names written at the bottom.Matt was shocked from the pictures, Victims were burned and tortured, the last picture had an audio file with it. He played the audio and a weird radio beeping noise went off, screams could be heard in the back ground of the audio, after 6 seconds of weird noises a voice came up and said â€Å"Find what cannot be found†. The screen of the laptop went black after the audio played with a big play button in the middle. Matt clicked the play button and a collection of pictures getting skimmed through quickly created a video of a hand cutting open peoples belly, penetrating the eyes with knifes, cutting of tongues and many more disgusting pictures.On some bodies there was text inscribed in the skin with a knife. At the end of the pictures the voice came up again and said â€Å"Find what cannot be found†, Matt closed his laptop. For the upcoming four weeks Matt isolated himself from everyone else by staying in bed. His parents became more and more worried so eventually they called an ambulance and he was taken to a hospital. From the doctors perspective he experienced a severe transformation at the age of 16. For the four weeks after he was p ut on the hospital Adam and me visited Matt every four days.Whenever we visited he never said a word and never looked at us, he was always starring at the wall in front of him with tears coming out of his eyes. He wasn't the same old Matt we knew before, it was terrifying seeing him in that state. More weeks came by, he was still lying in the hospital doing nothing and saying nothing. Just waiting to die. A year has passed and reported on the new a calamity happened, a massacre. The hospital Matt was on caught on fire, after the fire was extinguished. There were nine patients who got burned alive.Three patients had carvings on their skin. Six patients were missing and matt was one of them. The police took Mats laptop into custody and tracked the IP address of the email. It led the police to a huge graveyard where all the victims were buried. It has been six years since the incident and the case has not been solved yet, the missing victims are still missing, not a single trace of the m was found, it's as if they disappeared into thin dust. If you receive an email subjected â€Å"Boo†, please contact the police and whatever you do. DO NOT OPEN IT!

How to Create and Use Hashes in Ruby

How to Create and Use Hashes in Ruby Arrays are not the only way to manage collections of variables in Ruby. Another type of collection of variables is the hash, also called an associative array. A hash is like an array in that its a variable that stores other variables. However, a hash is unlike an array in that the stored variables are not stored in any particular order, and they are retrieved with a key instead of by their position in the collection. Create a Hash With Key/Value Pairs A hash is useful to store what are called key/value pairs. A key/value pair has an identifier to signify which variable of the hash you want to access and a variable to store in that position in the hash. For example, a teacher might store a students grades in a hash. Bobs grade would be accessed in a hash by the key Bob and the variable stored at that location would be Bobs grade. A hash variable can be created the same way as an array variable. The simplest method is to create an empty hash object and fill it with key/value pairs. Note that the index operator is used, but the students name is used instead of a number.​​ Remember that hashes are unordered, meaning there is no defined beginning or end as there is in an array. So, you cannot append to a hash. Values are simply inserted into the hash using the index operator. #!/usr/bin/env rubygrades Hash.newgrades[Bob] 82grades[Jim] 94grades[Billy] 58puts grades[Jim] Hash Literals Just like arrays, hashes can be created with hash literals. Hash literals use the curly braces instead of square brackets and the key value pairs are joined by . For example, a hash with a single key/value pair of Bob/84 would look like this: { Bob 84 }. Additional key/value pairs can be added to the hash literal by separating them with commas. In the following example, a hash is created with the grades for a number of students. #!/usr/bin/env rubygrades { Bob 82,Jim 94,Billy 58}puts grades[Jim] Accessing Variables in the Hash There may be times when you must access each variable in the hash. You can still loop over the variables in the hash using the each loop, though it wont work the same way as using the each loop with array variables. Because a hash is unordered, the order in which each will loop over the key/value pairs may not be the same as the order in which you inserted them. In this example, a hash of grades will be looped over and printed. #!/usr/bin/env rubygrades { Bob 82,Jim 94,Billy 58}grades.each do|name,grade|puts #{name}: #{grade}end

Peppered Moth Lab Report Essay Example

Peppered Moth Lab Report Essay Example Peppered Moth Lab Report Paper Peppered Moth Lab Report Paper Explain how natural selection relates to survival of the fittest concept Natural Selection is when organisms with better adaptations live longer and reproduce in greater numbers and the concept of survival of the fittest is the idea that production is the most important thing and the ultimate goal is to survive long enough to reproduce and pass on your genes because this means that your genes will stay in the same population. These two concepts relate because of their common idea of reproduction and the passing on of genes that better help the species to stay alive in their environment. . What determines whether a particular variation is an adaptation or not? A particular variation can be determined as an adaptation if you see the species with a certain variation better surviving than those without the specific variation. If this is seen then it can be determined that the variation is an adaptation because it helped the species survive better in their environment. 3. What changes are evident in the graphs from Pre-longitudinal Revolution (Part I) and Post-Industrial Revolution (Part Ill)? Use examples from your data (graphs and/or tables). Evident changes that occurred between the Pre-longitudinal Revolution and Post-Industrial Revolution were the number of Black Moths remaining at the end of the five trials went up in Part Ill compared to Part l. For example, in Part I at the end of the fifth trial there were nine black moths engaging and twenty-one white moths remaining but at the end of the fifth trial in Part Ill the numbers were reversed and there were twenty-one Black Moths remaining and only nine White Moths remaining. This shows how the Black Moths increased and the awaited Moths decreased. 4. What is the driving force that caused the number of white and black Peppered Moth in the Manchester, England population to change? The driving force that caused the number of white and black Peppered Moth population to change was the Industrial Revolution during the late sasss when smoke particles produced y developing industry began to blacken the trunks of the trees on which the moths rested. This made the black moths blend in better with the trees so they were better protected from predators than the white moths who were more visible on the dark trees. As a result there was a change in the population and the black moth population increased and white moth population decreased. 5. Which moth had a higher fitness during the Industrial Revolution? Define fitness in your answer The black moth had higher fitness during the Industrial Revolution because it was able to survive long enough to reproduce and pass on TTS genes. Therefore the black moths genes will stay in the population. Overall, it was more fit than the white moth because it reproduced more and survived better than the white moth. 6. What is the independent (manipulated) variable in this activity (Parts l, II, and Ill)? (hint: this variable is graphed on the x-axis) The independent variable is the number of trials performed. 7. What is the dependent (responding) variable in this activity (Parts l, II, and Ill)? (hint: this variable is graphed on the y-axis). The dependent variable is the number of moths remaining after each trial. Extra-credit Question: . What aspect of natural selection (evolution) does the following step in the activity represent: At the end of each trial, replace each black moth removed with a white moth. Replace each white moth removed with a black moth. Explain your answer. Speciation is the aspect of evolution that best represents the white and black moths being replaced by each other. This activity shows how favorable adoptions gradually accumulate in the population and overtime the adaptation overtakes the entire population and a new species is eventually forms. This activity represents the process of speciation.

Teaching Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Teaching - Assignment Example Intuitive-Feeling SELF-EXPRESSIVE Sensing-Feeling INTERPERSONAL Prefers to Learn by: -Seeing tangible results -practicing what he has learned -following directions one step at a time -being active rather than passive -knowing exactly what is expected of her, how well the task must be done and why Studying about ideas and how things are related Planning and carrying out a project of his own making and interest Arguing or debating a point based on logical analysis Problem solving that requires collecting, organizing, and evaluating data Studying about things that directly affect people's lives rather tha impersonal facts and theories Receiving personal attention and encouragement from his teachers Being part of a team-collaborating with other students Activities that help her learn about herself and how she feels about things Being creative and using his imagination Planning and organizing her work in her own creative ways Working on a number of things at one time' Searching for alternative solutions to problems beyond those normally considered Discussing real problems and looking for real solutions Learns Best From: Drill demonstration Practice Hand-on experience Lectures Reading Logical discussions and debates Group experiences and projects Loving attention Personal expression and personal encounters Role playing Creative and artistic activities Open-ended discussions of personal and social values Activities that enlighten and enhance-myths, human achievement, dramas,etc. Likes Doing things that have immediate, practical use Being acknowledged for thoroughness and detail Praise for prompt and complete work Immediate feedback(rewards, priviledges,etc) Time to plan and organize her work Working independently or with other intuitive- Working with ideas and...To write down the steps of baking in order is one thing and to bake it is another thing. The scheme of work is challenging enough for those talented individuals or those in the Intuitive-feeling (self-expressive) and Sensing-Feeling (interpersonal) style of disposition. While for those gifted or those in the Sensing-Thinking (mastery) and Intuitive Thinker (understanding) style of disposition, this is too challenging. The scheme of work for the year 8 is more on practical works, rather than thinking. The talented individuals are being prioritized; the course offers them the expressions of their ideas, kinesthetically, while the gifted individual's abilities are not well exercised. There should be additional measuring criteria involving them in fair percentage and ratings. c) Having 12 visual, 9 kinesthetic, 3 auditory students, is a difficult thing to assess inside the classroom, this is where you need to give special attention to the following students, not only for the dominant number but those who are left aside. The visuals deal with the spatial intelligence and are in favor of the lesson, since they can see most of the time the process of how to bake.

Emergency Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief Essay

Emergency Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief - Essay Example However, this restriction is narrowly tailored as it does not consider that motorists reduce at certain times of the day and it also does not properly define what street performance encompasses. 12. The plaintiff alleges that the ordinance is stated vaguely and can have many meanings ascribed to it and as such it has impermissibly restrictive speech. This gives room for wrongful incarceration. 13. This is an action by the plaintiff for declaratory relief due to the current legal stake that the defendant has no legal standing or rights to enforce ordinance that purports to outlaw all street performances along St. Georges street. 14. As set forth above, the defendant cannot satisfy the legal standing requirements with this vague section of the constitution. As set forth above, the plaintiff will suffer loss and irreparable harm in case the relief is not granted. Other street performers will also suffer the same fate (Elias 112). 18. This action for emergency injunction is temporary. Plaintiffs use the St. Georges Street and the defendant shows no satisfaction of the mere necessary legal standing to enforce section 22-9 of the constitution. 19. Specific facts set forth so far demonstrate that there is need for an emergency injunction to be granted; otherwise the plaintiff and other street performers could suffer irreparable damage and loss. Therefore, with all evidence and legal stake withholding, the plaintiffs respectfully request the court to consider this matter and grant injunctive relief cancelling the blockade and impeding of the Southard Street for the reasons set forth hereinabove (Bastiat